Ho notlela, ho kenya le ho laola matla a kotsi ka har'a workshop

OSHA e laela basebeletsi ba tlhokomelo ho notlela, ho kenya le ho laola matla a kotsi.Batho ba bang ha ba tsebe ho nka mohato ona, mochini o mong le o mong o fapane.Litšoantšo tsa Getty
Har'a batho ba sebelisang mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lockout / tagout (LOTO) ha se ntho e ncha.Ntle le haeba motlakase o khaotsoe, ha ho motho ea itetang sefuba ho etsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa ho lokisa kapa ho leka ho lokisa mochine kapa tsamaiso.Sena ke tlhokahalo feela ea kelello e tloaelehileng le Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso ea Mosebetsing le Bophelo bo Botle (OSHA).
Pele o etsa mesebetsi ea ho lokisa kapa ho lokisa, ho bonolo ho tlosa mochine ho tloha mohloling oa matla a oona-hangata ka ho tima mochine oa potoloho-le ho notlela lemati la phanele ea potoloho.Ho kenya leibole e khethollang litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ka mabitso le hona ke taba e bonolo.
Haeba motlakase o ke ke oa notleloa, ho ka sebelisoa leibole feela.Boemong bofe kapa bofe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho notletsoe kapa ho se na senotlolo, leibole e bontša hore tlhokomelo e ntse e tsoela pele 'me sesebelisoa ha se na matla.
Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se pheletso ea lotho.Sepheo ka kakaretso ha se feela ho hakolla mohloli oa matla.Sepheo ke ho sebelisa kapa ho lokolla matla ohle a kotsi-ho sebelisa mantsoe a OSHA, ho laola matla a kotsi.
Sakha e tloaelehileng e tšoantšetsa likotsi tse peli tsa nakoana.Ka mor'a hore sesepa se tingoe, lehare la saw le tla tsoela pele ho matha ka metsotsoana e seng mekae, 'me le tla ema feela ha lebelo le bolokiloeng ka koloing le felile.Lehare le tla lula le chesa ka metsotso e seng mekae ho fihlela mocheso o fela.
Feela joaloka lisakha tsa polokelo ea mechine le matla a mocheso, mosebetsi oa ho tsamaisa mechine ea indasteri (motlakase, hydraulic, le pneumatic) hangata o ka boloka matla ka nako e telele. ea potoloho, matla a ka bolokoa nako e telele e makatsang.
Mechini e fapaneng ea indasteri e hloka ho ja matla a mangata.AISI 1010 e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e khona ho mamella matla a ho kobeha a fihlang ho 45,000 PSI, kahoo mechini e kang mariki, litebele, litebele le liphaephe tse kobehang li tlameha ho fetisa matla ka likarolo tsa lithane.Haeba potoloho e matlafatsang tsamaiso ea pompo ea hydraulic e koetsoe 'me e khaotsoe, karolo ea hydraulic ea tsamaiso e ntse e ka khona ho fana ka 45,000 PSI.Mechineng e sebelisang hlobo kapa li-blades, sena se lekane ho pshatla kapa ho khaola maoto le matsoho.
Lori ea liemere e koetsoeng e nang le bakete moeeng e kotsi joalo ka teraka e sa koaloang.Bula valve e fosahetseng mme matla a khoheli a tla nka sebaka.Ka ho tšoanang, tsamaiso ea moea e ka boloka matla a mangata ha e tingoa.Pipe bender ea boholo bo mahareng e ka monya ho fihlela ho li-ampere tse 150 tsa hona joale.Ka tlase ho 0.040 amps, pelo e ka emisa ho otla.
Ho lokolla ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng kapa ho fokotsa matla ke mohato oa bohlokoa ka mor'a ho tima matla le LOTO.Ho lokolloa ho sireletsehileng kapa ho sebelisoa ha matla a kotsi ho hloka kutloisiso ea melao-motheo ea tsamaiso le lintlha tsa mochine o hlokang ho hlokomeloa kapa ho lokisoa.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea litsamaiso tsa hydraulic: loop e bulehileng le loop e koetsoeng.Sebakeng sa indasteri, mefuta e tloaelehileng ea lipompo ke likere, li-vanes le lipiston.Silinda ea sesebelisoa sa ho sebetsa e ka ba ntho e le 'ngoe kapa e habeli.Sistimi ea Hydraulic e ka ba le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa mefuta e meraro ea li-valve-taolo ea tataiso, taolo ea phallo, le taolo ea khatello-e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mefuta ena e na le mefuta e mengata.Ho na le lintho tse ngata tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko, kahoo hoa hlokahala ho utloisisa ka botlalo mofuta o mong le o mong oa karolo ho felisa likotsi tse amanang le matla.
Jay Robinson, mong'a le mopresidente oa RbSA Industrial, o itse: "Sehlahisoa sa hydraulic se ka tsamaisoa ke valve e koalang koung e felletseng.""Belofo ea solenoid e bula valve.Ha tsamaiso e ntse e sebetsa, mokelikeli oa hydraulic o phallela lisebelisoa ka khatello e phahameng le ho tanka ka khatello e tlaase, "o boletse joalo.."Haeba tsamaiso e hlahisa 2,000 PSI 'me matla a tima, solenoid e tla ea sebakeng se bohareng ebe e thibela likou tsohle.Oli ha e khone ho phalla 'me mochini oa emisa, empa sistimi e ka ba le PSI e fihlang ho 1,000 ka lehlakoreng le leng la valve."
Maemong a mang, litsebi tse lekang ho lokisa kapa ho li lokisa kamehla li kotsing e tobileng.
"Lik'hamphani tse ling li na le mekhoa e tloaelehileng e ngotsoeng," ho boletse Robinson.Bongata ba bona ba ile ba re setsebi se lokela ho hakolla phepelo ea motlakase, se notle, se tšoaee, ebe se tobetsa konopo ea QALA ho qala mochini.Boemong bona, mochine o ka 'na oa se ke oa etsa letho-ha o etse letho Ho kenya mochine oa ho sebetsa, ho kobeha, ho itšeha, ho etsa, ho theola mosebetsi kapa ntho leha e le efe-hobane ha e khone.Sephahla sa hydraulic se tsamaisoa ke valve ea solenoid, e hlokang motlakase.Ho tobetsa konopo ea START kapa ho sebelisa phanele ea taolo ho kenya tšebetsong karolo efe kapa efe ea sistimi ea hydraulic ho ke ke ha kenya tšebetsong valve ea solenoid e se nang matla.
Ea bobeli, haeba setsebi se utloisisa hore se hloka ho sebelisa valve ka letsoho ho lokolla khatello ea hydraulic, e ka 'na ea lokolla khatello ka lehlakoreng le leng la tsamaiso' me ea nahana hore e lokolotse matla 'ohle.Ebile, likarolo tse ling tsa sistimi li ntse li ka mamella likhatello ho fihla ho 1,000 PSI.Haeba khatello ena e hlaha qetellong ea sesebelisoa sa tsamaiso, litsebi li tla makala haeba li tsoela pele ho etsa mesebetsi ea tlhokomelo 'me li ka ba tsa tsoa likotsi.
Oli ea Hydraulic ha e hatelle haholo - feela hoo e ka bang 0.5% ho 1,000 PSI - empa tabeng ena, ha ho tsotellehe.
"Haeba setsebi se ntša matla ka lehlakoreng la actuator, tsamaiso e ka 'na ea tsamaisa sesebelisoa nakong eohle ea stroke," Robinson o itse."Ho ipapisitse le sistimi, stroke e kanna ea ba 1/16 inch kapa 16 maoto."
"Sisteme ea hydraulic ke matla a mangata, kahoo tsamaiso e hlahisang 1,000 PSI e ka phahamisa meroalo e boima, e kang lik'hilograma tse 3,000," Robinson o itse.Tabeng ena, kotsi ha e qale ka phoso.Kotsi ke ho lokolla khatello le ho theola mojaro ka phoso.Ho fumana mokhoa oa ho fokotsa mojaro pele o sebetsana le tsamaiso ho ka utloahala ho utloahala, empa litlaleho tsa lefu la OSHA li bontša hore kelello e tloaelehileng ha e atlehe kamehla maemong ana.Ketsahalong ea OSHA 142877.015, "Mosebeletsi o nkela sebaka ... thella hose ea hydraulic e lutlang holim'a gear ea ho tsamaisa ebe o khaola mohala oa hydraulic ebe o lokolla khatello.Boom e ile ea theoha ka potlako 'me ea otla mosebeletsi, ea mo pshatla Hlooho, 'mele le matsoho.Mosebeletsi o ile a bolaoa.”
Ntle le litanka tsa oli, lipompo, li-valve le li-actuator, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa hydraulic le tsona li na le accumulator.Joalokaha lebitso le bontša, e bokella oli ea haeteroliki.Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho lokisa khatello kapa molumo oa tsamaiso.
"Accumulator e na le likarolo tse peli tse kholo: mokotla oa moea o ka hare ho tanka," ho boletse Robinson." Airbag e tletse nitrogen.Nakong ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, oli ea hydraulic e kena ebe e tsoa ka tanka ha khatello ea sistimi e ntse e eketseha le ho fokotseha. ”Hore na mokelikeli o kena kapa o tsoa ka tanka, kapa hore na oa fetela, ho itšetlehile ka phapang ea khatello pakeng tsa tsamaiso le airbag.
"Mefuta ena e 'meli ke li-accumulators le li-volume accumulators," ho boletse Jack Weeks, mothehi oa Fluid Power Learning."Accumulator e ts'oanelang e nka litlhōrō tsa khatello, ha molumo oa accumulator o thibela khatello ea tsamaiso ho theoha ha tlhokahalo ea tšohanyetso e feta matla a pompo."
E le ho sebetsa tsamaisong e joalo ntle le kotsi, setsebi sa tlhokomelo se tlameha ho tseba hore tsamaiso e na le accumulator le mokhoa oa ho lokolla khatello ea eona.
Bakeng sa li-absorbers tse tšosang, litsebi tsa tlhokomelo li tlameha ho ba hlokolosi haholo.Hobane mokotla oa moea o kenngoa ka khatello e kholo ho feta khatello ea tsamaiso, ho hlōleha ha valve ho bolela hore ho ka eketsa khatello ho tsamaiso.Ho phaella moo, hangata ha ba na lisebelisoa tse nang le valve ea drain.
"Ha ho na tharollo e ntle bothateng bona, hobane 99% ea litsamaiso ha e fane ka mokhoa oa ho netefatsa ho koaloa ha valve," ho boletse Weeks.Leha ho le joalo, mananeo a ts'ebetsong a tlhokomelo a ka fana ka mehato ea thibelo.O ile a re: "U ka eketsa valve ka mor'a ho rekisa ho ntša metsi hohle moo khatello e ka hlahisoang teng."
Setsebi sa litšebeletso se bonang li-airbags tsa accumulator tse tlase li ka batla ho eketsa moea, empa sena se thibetsoe.Bothata ke hore mekotlana ena ea moea e na le li-valve tsa mofuta oa Amerika, tse tšoanang le tse sebelisoang lithaereng tsa koloi.
"Hangata accumulator e na le mokhoa oa ho lemosa khahlanong le ho eketsa moea, empa ka mor'a lilemo tse 'maloa tsa ts'ebetso, hangata decal e nyamela khale," Wicks o itse.
Taba e 'ngoe ke tšebeliso ea li-valve tsa counterbalance, ho boletse Weeks.Ho li-valve tse ngata, ho potoloha ho ea ka nako ea oache ho eketsa khatello;ka li-valve tsa ho leka-lekana, boemo bo fapane.
Qetellong, lisebelisoa tsa cellular li hloka ho ba hlokolosi haholoanyane.Ka lebaka la mathata a sebaka le litšitiso, baqapi ba tlameha ho ba le boqapi mabapi le mokhoa oa ho hlophisa sistimi le moo ba ka behang likarolo teng.Likarolo tse ling li ka 'na tsa pateha hore li se ke tsa bonahala 'me li sa fihlellehe, e leng se etsang hore ho lokisoa le ho lokisoa ho be thata ho feta lisebelisoa tse tsitsitseng.
Sistimi ea moea e na le likotsi tsohle tse ka bang teng tsa sistimi ea hydraulic.Phapang e ka sehloohong ke hore tsamaiso ea hydraulic e ka hlahisa ho lutla, ho hlahisa jete ea mokelikeli o nang le khatello e lekaneng ka lisenthimithara tse lekaneng ho phunyeletsa liaparo le letlalo.Sebakeng sa indasteri, "liaparo" li kenyelletsa lieta tsa lieta tsa mosebetsi.Likotsi tse kenang ka oli ea Hydraulic li hloka tlhokomelo ea bongaka 'me hangata li hloka ho kena sepetlele.
Litsamaiso tsa moea le tsona li kotsi ka tlhaho.Batho ba bangata ba nahana, "Ho lokile, ke moea feela" mme ba sebetsana le bona ka bohlasoa.
"Batho ba utloa lipompo tsa tsamaiso ea moea e sebetsa, empa ha ba nahane ka matla 'ohle ao pompo e kenang ka oona tsamaisong," ho boletse Weeks."Matla 'ohle a tlameha ho phalla kae-kae, 'me tsamaiso ea matla a mokelikeli ke ho eketsa matla.Ho 50 PSI, silinda e nang le sebaka sa lisekoere-inch tse 10 e ka hlahisa matla a lekaneng ho tsamaisa liponto tse 500.Mojaro.”Joalo ka ha bohle re tseba, basebetsi ba sebelisa sena Sistimi ena e foka lithōle tse tsoang liphahlo.
"Lik'hamphaning tse ngata, sena ke lebaka la ho felisoa hanghang," ho boletse Weeks.O ile a re jete ea moea e tsoang tsamaisong ea matšoafo e ka ebola letlalo le lisele tse ling ho ea masapong.
O ile a re: "Haeba ho e-na le ho lutla tsamaisong ea moea, ebang ke lenonyeletsong kapa ka lesoba la hose, hangata ha ho motho ea tla e hlokomela.Mochine o lerata haholo, basebetsi ba sirelelitsoe ho utloa, 'me ha ho motho ea utloang ho lutla ha eona.Ho nka feela hose ho kotsi.Ho sa tsotellehe hore na tsamaiso e ntse e sebetsa kapa che, li-gloves tsa letlalo li hlokeha ho sebetsana le li-hoses tsa pneumatic.
Bothata bo bong ke hobane moea o hatelloa haholo, haeba o bula valve tsamaisong e phelang, tsamaiso e koetsoeng ea pneumatic e ka boloka matla a lekaneng ho sebetsa nako e telele le ho qala sesebelisoa khafetsa.
Le hoja maqhubu a motlakase—motsamao oa lielektrone ha li ntse li tsamaea ka har’a sekontiri—ho bonahala e le lefatše le fapaneng le la fisiks, ha ho joalo.Molao oa pele oa Newton oa ho sisinyeha oa sebetsa: “Ntho e emeng e lula e eme, ’me ntho e tsamaeang e ntse e tsamaea ka lebelo le tšoanang le ka tsela e tšoanang, ntle leha e ka laoloa ke matla a sa leka-lekanang.”
Bakeng sa ntlha ea pele, potoloho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na e bonolo hakae, e tla hanyetsa ho phalla ha hona joale.Ho hanyetsa ho thibela ho phalla ha hona joale, kahoo ha potoloho e koetsoe (static), ho hanyetsa ho boloka potoloho e le boemong bo tsitsitseng.Ha potoloho e buloa, hona joale ha e phalle ho potoloha hang-hang;ho nka bonyane nako e khutšoanyane hore motlakase o hlōle ho hanyetsa le ho phalla hona joale.
Ka lebaka le tšoanang, potoloho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le tekanyo e itseng ea capacitance, e tšoanang le lebelo la ntho e tsamaeang.Ho koala sesebelisoa ha ho emise hang-hang hona joale;metsi a ntse a tsamaea, bonyane ka nakoana.
Lipotoloho tse ling li sebelisa li-capacitor ho boloka motlakase;mosebetsi ona o tšoana le oa hydraulic accumulator.Ho ea ka boleng bo lekantsoeng ba capacitor, e ka boloka matla a motlakase bakeng sa matla a nako e telele a kotsi a motlakase.Bakeng sa lipotoloho tse sebelisoang mechineng ea indasteri, nako ea ho qeta metsotso e 20 ha e khonehe, 'me tse ling li ka hloka nako e eketsehileng.
Bakeng sa pipe bender, Robinson o hakanya hore nako ea metsotso e 15 e ka ba e lekaneng hore matla a bolokiloeng tsamaisong a ka fela.Ebe u etsa cheke e bonolo ka voltmeter.
"Ho na le lintho tse peli mabapi le ho hokahanya voltmeter," ho boletse Robinson."Ntlha ea pele, e tsebisa setsebi hore na sistimi e na le matla a setseng.Ea bobeli, e theha mokhoa oa ho tsoa.Hona joale ho phalla ho tloha karolong e 'ngoe ea potoloho ho pholletsa le mithara ho ea ho e' ngoe, ho fokotsa matla leha e le afe a ntseng a bolokiloe ho eona. "
Boemong bo botle, litsebi li koetlisitsoe ka botlalo, li na le boiphihlelo, 'me li na le phihlello ea litokomane tsohle tsa mochini.O na le loko, letšoao, le kutloisiso e feletseng ea mosebetsi oo a o etsang.Ka tsela e loketseng, o sebetsa le bashebelli ba tšireletso ho fana ka sete e eketsehileng ea mahlo ho shebella likotsi le ho fana ka thuso ea bongaka ha mathata a ntse a etsahala.
Boemo bo bobe ka ho fetisisa ke ba hore litsebi tsa theknoloji ha li na koetliso le phihlelo, li sebetsa k’hamphaning ea tlhokomelo e ka ntle, ka hona ha li tsebe lisebelisoa tse itseng, li notlela liofisi ka mafelo-beke kapa lichifi tsa bosiu, ’me libuka tsa litaelo tsa thepa ha li sa fumaneha.Ena ke boemo bo phethahetseng ba sefefo, 'me k'hamphani e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri e lokela ho etsa sohle se matleng a eona ho e thibela.
Likhamphani tse nts'etsang, ho hlahisa le ho rekisa lisebelisoa tsa polokeho hangata li na le boiphihlelo bo tebileng ba ts'ireletso bo ikhethileng indastering, ka hona, tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea barekisi ba thepa e ka thusa ho etsa hore sebaka sa mosebetsi se bolokehe bakeng sa mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea tokiso le tokiso.
Eric Lundin o kene lefapheng la bahlophisi la The Tube & Pipe Journal ka 2000 e le mohlophisi ea sebetsang.Boikarabello ba hae bo ka sehloohong bo kenyelletsa ho hlophisa lingoliloeng tsa tekheniki mabapi le tlhahiso ea li-tube le tlhahiso, hammoho le ho ngola lithuto tsa linyeoe le litlaleho tsa khampani.O ile a phahamisetsoa ho ba mohlophisi ka 2007.
Pele a kenella makasineng, o sebelitse Sesole sa Meea sa US ka lilemo tse 5 (1985-1990), mme a sebeletsa moetsi oa liphaephe, liphaephe, le likotopo ka lilemo tse 6, pele e le moemeli oa litšebeletso tsa bareki mme hamorao e le sengoli sa tekheniki ( 1994-2000).
O ithutile Univesithing ea Northern Illinois e DeKalb, Illinois, mme a fumana lengolo la bachelor in economics ka 1994.
Tube & Pipe Journal e ile ea e-ba makasine ea pele e inehetseng ho sebeletsa indasteri ea lipeipi tsa tšepe ka 1990. Kajeno, e ntse e le eona feela khatiso e fanoeng indastering ea Amerika Leboea 'me e fetohile mohloli o ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa oa tlhahisoleseding bakeng sa litsebi tsa liphaephe.
Hona joale o ka fihlella ka botlalo mofuta oa dijithale oa The FABRICATOR le ho fihlella habonolo lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri.
Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri li se li ka fumaneha habonolo ka phihlello e felletseng ea mofuta oa dijithale oa The Tube & Pipe Journal.
Natefeloa ke phihlello e felletseng ea khatiso ea dijithale ea STAMPING Journal, e fanang ka tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao ea theknoloji, mekhoa e metle le litaba tsa indasteri bakeng sa mmaraka oa setempe sa tšepe.